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Silver Sol and the Successful Treatment of Hospital Acquired MRSA in Human Subjects With Serious Ongoing Infection.

Gordon Pedersen, Ph.D.

Abstract

The patented form of Silver Sol (US Patent # 7135195) has been shown to destroy bacteria, viruses and mold in vitro and living systems (23). Staphylococcus aureus can be completely destroyed by Silver Sol in as little as two minutes and in vitro studies show it will stay dead for 28 days (24). Rustum Roy Ph.D. reported that strains of resistant staph (MRSA) could be destroyed by the Silver Sol treatment in vitro (25). The University of Cal Berkely reports that Silver Sol can completely destroy in vitro forms of MRSA (Methicillin resistant staph aureus) and VRE (Vancomyocin resistant Enterococcus) at levels as low as 2.5 ppm in as little as 45 to 60 minutes (26). With MRSA continuing to mutate and sustain resistance to antibiotics, it is encouraging to report the findings from this study which demonstrate an all-natural opponent to this modern day plague.

This study demonstrates the benefits of Silver Sol on human subjects with serious MRSA infections of the skin.   These patients were hospitalized and contracted their MRSA infections while staying in the hospital. Patients wound size, depth and closure rates were photographed and digitized for weekly calculations that quantified the time to wound closure and overall seriousness of the infection. Before, during and after photos demonstrate a visual accounting of the benefit of the Silver Sol treatment. All treatments were given by the hospital medical staff where patients received silver sol gel sprayed topically on the wound twice daily and orally ingested 2 teaspoons of the liquid silver sol twice a day.

The results of this study indicate that twice-daily treatment with silver sol gel (spray form) and twice-daily oral ingestion of liquid Silver Sol significantly improved treatments of hospital acquired MRSA infections in human subjects. The average time to closure improved, and patients taking silver sol reported a significant reduction in pain associated with the wound.

Literature Review

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is approaching pandemic levels and there is an immediate need for a substance like Silver Sol in controlling this potentially fatal disease. MRSA is a resistant variation of the common bacterium staphylococcus aureus. It is resistant to a significant group of antibiotics called the beta lactase, which include penicillins and cephalosporins (2). The organism is often sub-categorized as community associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) or health care associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). CA-MRSA cases were first reported in the late 1980’s.     Recently HA-MRSA has plagued the medical professionals and patients that work or live in hospitals. It is estimated that as much as 60% of Hospital nurses carry MRSA in their noses and on their skin (2). The CA-MRSA predominantly afflicts athletes, prisoners, nurses, soldiers, Native Americans, Native Alaskans, and children in inner cities (Wikipedia, 2008). MRSA could be considered to be a modern day plague because it has evolved the ability to survive treatment with most antibiotics including methycillin, dicloxocillin, nafcillin and oxacillin.

Hospitals have a special need for help in patients with open wounds that use invasive devices, or have a weakened immune system. These patients are at greater risk, which is also seen in the hospital employees who do not follow meticulous hygiene and proper sanitizing procedures. They may self-infect or transfer the contagion to patients or visitors. A study reported form the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (2008), concluded that the poor hygiene habits remain the principle barrier to a significant reduction in the spread of MRSA. They also indicate that this hospital risk is exponentially great when you combine the propensity for the general public to spread this superbug in public restrooms, restaurants, airplanes, nurseries, schools, athletic events and in the home.

MRSA is progressing toward pandemic proportions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), estimated that the number of MRSA infections doubled nationwide, from 127,000 in 1999, to 278,000 in 2005, while at the same time deaths increased from 11,000 to more than 17,000 (2). According to the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA Oct, 2007), MRSA was responsible for 94,360 serious infections and associated with 18,650 hospital -stay related deaths in the United States in 2005. The statistics suggest that MRSA infections are responsible for more deaths in the U.S. each year than AIDS (3).

MRSA is growing out of control and the statistics suggest grave outcomes, but the level of seriousness is arguably misunderstood due to the fact that a study performed in San Francisco 2005, reported that approximately 1 in 300 residents suffered from MRSA. While during the course of the same year 85% of these infections occurred outside of the health care setting (4). A hospital study (5) reported that MRSA patients had, on average, three times longer stays (14.3 days vs. 4.5 days), incurred three times the expenditure ($48,824 vs. $14,141), and experienced five times the risk of in-hospital death (11.2% vs. 2.3%) as compared to patients without this infection (5). Wylie et al, reported a death rate of 34% within 30 days among patients infected with MRSA (6). The most common site of infection includes: The anterior nares (nostrils), respiratory tract, open wounds, intravenous catheters and urinary tract (6).

Hospitals in Denmark, Finland, Netherlands (8) and VA hospitals in Pittsburg (7) report that MRSA infections can be significantly reduced using sanitary methods that include swabbing the nostrils and hands with antibactierial protection. These studies demonstrate the potential benefits of an antibacterial agent prophylactically used on the hands and nostrils as long as resistance is not a potential long term problem.

MRSA is a resistant staphylococcus infection that usually presents as a patch of small pus surrounded by redness and swelling, and resemble pimples, spider bites, or boils that may not be accompanied by a fever and rash. The bumps become larger and spread where larger painful pus-filled boils can develop deep into the tissue (9). Approximately 75% of CA-MRSA infect the skin and whereas a minority of these infections can invade vital organs and cause sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, flesh eating (necrotizing) and pneumonia (10). It is not fully understood why some healthy people survive MRSA infections and others don’t (10).

The current treatments of MRSA include Vancomycin and Teicoplanin, which are prescription antibiotics categorized as glycopeptides (11). The absorption of these antibiotics is very poor and must be given by intravenous administration to control systemic infections (12). There are several new strains of MRSA that have become resistant even to Vancomycin and Teiocplanin (13, 14).   Presently the use of Linezolid, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin, Daptomycin and Tigecycline are used to treat more severe infections that do not respond to glycopeptides such as Vancomycin (15).   In addition, oral treatments include Linezolid, Rifampicin + Fusidic acid, Rifampicin + Fluoroquinolone, Pristinamycin, Co-trimoxazole, Doxycycline or Minicycline and Clindamycin (26).

Nature (16) reported that there is a new drug which has demonstrated MRSA activity called Platensimycin (17, 18). It should be noted that some of the newest drug discoveries can cost $1600 per day which may prohibit their ubiquitous distribution.

The spread of MRSA is complicated by the fact that hospitals discharge contagious patients into the community, workforce, schools, and general public (19). In the U.S. it is estimated that 95 million people carry staphylococcus aureus in their noses, of these 2.5 million carry MRSA (21), and 23% of these require hospitalization (22). MRSA is nearing pandemic proportions and there is a serious need for a daily use antibacterial that does not produce resistant strains of MRSA. Currently Silver Sol may be the only prophylactic use product that has activity against MRSA and could be used for prevention as well as treatment of MRSA because it does not produce resistant strains (25).

Materials and Methods

AHS is a hospital based elderly health care provider that approved the study of 308 subjects in their elderly care (nursing home) hospitals.   The patients were admitted to the hospital without MRSA. They had acquired the MRSA infection while in the hospital and the skin infections were ongoing for over one year.

The Medical staff treated and photographed the wounds before any silver sol treatment and every week during the treatment. The size and depth of the wounds were measured in centimeters and recorded weekly by the hospital staff.

Silver sol gel was sprayed (using a hand operated pump spray) on the wounds topically twice a day with magnetic.   Patients answered a questionnaire regarding their wellness, including pain evaluations.

Results

The tables below illustrate significant improvement in the ability of Silver Sol to close a wound and improve the time to wound closure.

Table 1.0 Percent Wound Closure in HA-MRSA Patients (ongoing 1 year)

% Closed

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

100

98%

99%

90

97%

XXX

XXX

80

95%

XXX

XXX

XXX

70

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

60

67%

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

50

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

40

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

30

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

20

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

10

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

0

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

XXX

Table 2.0 Average Wound Size in Centimeters in HA-MRSA Patients

Wk 0

Wk 1

Wk 2

Wk 3

Wk 4

Wk 5

.25 cm

.15 cm

.10 cm

.10 cm

.10 cm

.0 cm

Table 3 Summary of data

Percent wound closure on HA-MRSA wounds (ongoing 1 year)

Week

size of wound (cm)

% wound closure

0

.25

0

1

.15

67

2

.10

95

3

.10

97

4

.10

98

5

.0

100

Conclusions

The results of this study strongly suggest that Silver sol liquid and gel demonstrate the ability to destroy Hospital associated-MRSA and significantly improve healing outcomes. The results indicate that wounds close as much as three times faster than wounds not treated with silver sol, quantifying the benefits of silver sol.   Hospital associated MRSA can be fatal and cause serious infections even when treated with antibiotics, yet silver sol gel and liquid demonstrate improved wound treatment and improved time to wound closure in human subjects.   The improvements in wound healing, as identified by a shorter time to wound closure, suggests that there is an improvement in immune function due to the fact that silver sol reduces the bacteria in the wound. By reducing the bacterial infection wound healing improves by approximately three times and reduces pain in the process. This reduction in pain and improvement to healing can be attributed to the fact that infection, inflammation and tissue damage are reduced when using silver sol, and suggests there are several beneficial mechanisms of action at work. The fact that there are wounds in this study that are large enough to be difficult or impossible to close on their own, and yet when silver sol is used the wounds heal completely, suggest the possibility that stem cell activation is being produced as suggested by the previously published article from Nexus (27).

By observing the healing results published in this study, it is evident that this remarkable and bactericidal liquid and gel should be considered to be leaders in the defense against HA-MRSA.   When you review the photos in this study and combine the healing benefits with the previously published data that silver sol does not promote drug resistance it is encouraging to identify an all natural, broad spectrum opponent to the modern day plague called MRSA.

The improvements demonstrated here suggest that Silver Sol can help improve healing times which could potentially reduce the overall cost of treatment by as much as three times and reduce the average length of stay in a hospital. This study demonstrates the benefits of Silver Sol in reducing the infectious nature of a skin born disease acquired in a hospital.   In today’s world of mutating bacteria and antibiotic resistant infections producing potentially fatal disease, Silver Sol could be the health vector that helps reduce the health risk to all patients, staff and visitors in the hospital.

References

1. ^ Okuma K, Iwakawa K, Turnidge J, et al (2002). “Dissemination of new methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in the community”€ť. J Clin Microbiol40 (11): 4289-94. doi:10.1128/JCM.40.11.4289-4294.2002. PMID 12409412.

2 ^ a b Klein E, Smith DL, Laxminarayan R (2007). “Hospitalizations and Deaths Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, United States, 1999-2005”. Emerg Infect Dis13 (12): 1840-6.

3 ^ UK Office for National Statistics Online (February 22, 2007), “MRSA Deaths continue to rise in 2005

4 ^ Liu et al., A population-based study of the incidence and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease in San Francisco, 2004-2005. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Jun 1;46(11):1637-46)

5 ^ Noskin GA, Rubin RJ,Schentag JJ, Kluytmans J, Hedblom EC, Smulders M, Lapetina E, Gemmen E (2005). “The Burden of Staphylococcus aureus Infections on Hospitals in the United States: An Analysis of the 2000 and 2001 Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database”. Arch Intern Med165: 1756-1761. doi:10.1001/archinte.165.15.1756. PMID 16087824.

6 ^ Wyllie D, Crook D, Peto T (2006). “Mortality after Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in two hospitals in Oxfordshire, 1997-2003: cohort study”. BMJ333 (7562): 281. doi:10.1136/bmj.38834.421713.2F. PMID 16798756.

7 ^Science Daily”.

8 ^ McCaughey B, Unnecessary Deaths: The Human and Financial Costs of Hospital Infections (2nd. ed.),

9 ^Symptoms”. Mayo Clinic.

10 ^MRSA Toxin Acquitted: Study Clears Suspected Key to Severe Bacterial Illness”. NIH news release. National Institute of Health (2006-11-06).

11 ^ Schentag JJ, Hyatt JM, Carr JR, Paladino JA, Birmingham MC, Zimmer GS, Cumbo TJ (1998). “Genesis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), how treatment of MRSA infections has selected for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and the importance of antibiotic management and infection control”. Clin. Infect. Dis.26 (5): 1204-14. doi:10.1086/520287. PMID 9597254

12 ^ Janknegt R (1997). “The treatment of staphylococcal infections with special reference to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacoeconomic considerations”€ť. Pharmacy world & science  : PWS19 (3): 133-41. doi:10.1023/A:1008609718457. PMID 9259029.

13 ^ Sieradzki K, Tomasz A (1997). “Inhibition of cell wall turnover and autolysis by vancomycin in a highly vancomycin-resistant mutant of Staphylococcus aureus“. J. Bacteriol.179 (8): 2557-66. PMID 9098053.

14 ^ Schito GC (2006). ”The importance of the development of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus”. Clin Microbiol Infect12 Suppl 1: 3-8. PMID 16445718}.

15 ^ Mongkolrattanothai K, Boyle S, Kahana MD, Daum RS (2003). “Severe Staphylococcus aureus infections caused by clonally related community-associated methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant isolates”€ť. Clin. Infect. Dis.37 (8): 1050-8. doi:10.1086/378277. PMID 14523769.

16 ^ Birmingham MC, Rayner CR, Meagher AK, Flavin SM, Batts DH, Schentag JJ (2003). “Linezolid for the treatment of multidrug-resistant, gram-positive infections: experience from a compassionate-use program”€ť. Clin. Infect. Dis.36 (2): 159-68. doi:10.1086/345744. PMID 12522747.

17 ^ Bayston R, Ashraf W, Smith T (2007). ”Triclosan resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus expressed as small colony variants: a novel mode of evasion of susceptibility to antiseptics”. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.59 (5): 848-53. doi:10.1093/jac/dkm031. PMID 17337510.

18 ^ Wang J (May 2006). “Platensimycin is a selective FabF inhibitor with potent antibiotic properties”. Nature (441): 358-361. PMID 16710421}.

19 ^ Cooper BS, Medley GF, Stone SP, et al. (2004). ”Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals and the community: stealth dynamics and control catastrophes”€ť. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences101 (27): 10223-8. doi:10.1073/pnas.0401324101. PMID 15220470.

20 ^MRSA Infections”. Keep Kids Healthy.

21 ^ Graham P, Lin S, Larson E (2006). ”A U.S. population-based survey of Staphylococcus aureus colonization”. Ann Intern Med144 (5): 318-25. PMID 16520472.

22 ^ Jernigan JA, Arnold K, Heilpern K, Kainer M, Woods C, Hughes JM (2006-05-12). “Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as community pathogen”. Symposium on Community-Associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Atlanta, Georgia, USA). Cited in Emerg Infect Dis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved on 2007-01-27.

23. United States Patent Office, Nov 2006. US Patent # 7135195.

24. Nelson Labs. Staph Aureus report July 2008.

25. Roy, Rustom. Ultridilute Ag-aquasols with extraordinry bactericidal properties: role of the system Ag-O-H2O.   Current Science Investigation, 2007

26. University of California Berkely, MRSA and VRE susceptible to silver sol treatments, 2007

27. Nexus, August 2008

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